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Markovnikov Addition

    Table of contents
    1. 1. Introduction

    Markovnikov addition, also called Markovnikov's rule, states that a protic acid (HX) will add to an alkene such that the proton will bond to the less substituted carbon.

    Introduction

    During this addition, the carbocation intermediate bares a positive charge on the most substituted carbon. The more substituted carbon, the more stable (tertiary > secondar > primary > methyl). If the reverse occurs, that is the more electronegative atom (X) ends up bonding to the least substituted carbon, it is termed anti-Markovnikov addition. The figure below shows a figure of both additions:

     

    Markovnikov.jpg

    Fig. 1. Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov additions of HBr to 1-methylcyclohexene.

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