IR4. Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds

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Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen, but also have some multiple bonds between carbons. One type of unsaturated hydrocarbon is an olefin, also known as an alkene. Alkenes contain double bonds between carbons. One example of an alkene is 1-heptene. It looks similar to hexane, except for the double bond from the first carbon to the second.

Look at the IR spectrum of 1-heptene. You should see:

Source: SDBSWeb : http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology of Japan, 14 July 2008)
So far, these peaks are the same as the ones seen for hexane. We can assign them as the C-H stretching and bending frequencies, respectively.

Looking further, you will also see:
- The peak at 3100 cm^-1 hardly seems different from the C-H stretch seen before. It is also a C-H stretch, but from a different type of carbon. This stretch involves the sp² or trigonal planar carbon of the double bond, whereas the peak at 2900 involves an sp³ or tetrahedral carbon.
  The peak at 1650 cm^-1 can be identified via computational methods as arising from a carbon-carbon double bond stretch. It is a weak stretch because this bond is not very polar. Sometimes it is obscured by other, larger peaks.
  
  Contributors and Attributions
  
  Chris P Schaller, Ph.D., (College of Saint Benedict / Saint John's University)