Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Alkenes

• Chapter 11: Alkenes-Infrared and Mass Spectroscopy
  • Section 11.1: Nomenclature of Alkenes
    
  • Section 11.2: Structure and Bonding in Ethene-The π Bond
    
  • Section 11.3: Physical Properties of Alkenes
    
  • Section 11.4: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of Alkenes
    
  • Section 11.5: Infared Spectroscopy
  • Section 11.6: Measuring the Molecular Mass of Organic Compounds-Mass Spectroscopy
  • Section 11.7: Fragmentation Patterns of Organic Molecules
  • Section 11.8: Degree of Unsaturation
    
  • Section 11.9: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes-Relative Stability of Double Bonds
    
  • Section 11.10: Preparation of Alkenes from Haloalkanes and Alkyl Sulfonates-Bimolecular Elimination Revisited
  • Section 11.11: Preparation of Alkenes by Dehydration of Alcohols
    
• Chapter 12: Reactions of Alkenes
  • Section 12.2: Catalytic Hydrogenation
    
  • Section 12.3: Nucleophilic Character of the ? Bond-Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides
    
  • Section 12.4: Alcohol Synthesis by Electrophilic Hydration
    
  • Section 12.5: Electrophilic Addition of Halogens to Alkenes
    
  • Section 12.6: The Generality of Electrophilic Addition
    
  • Section 12.7: Oxymercuration Demercuration-A Special Electrophilic Addition
    
  • Section 12.8: Hydroboration Oxidation-A Stereospecific Anti-Markovnikov Hydration
    
  • Section 12.9: Diazomethane, Carbenes, and Cyclopropane Synthesis
    
  • Section 12.10: Oxacyclopropane (Epoxide) Synthesis- Epoxidation by Peroxycarboxylic Acids
    
  • Section 12.11: Vicinal Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetroxide
    
  • Section 12.12: Ozonolysis
    
  • Section 12.13: Radical Additions--Anti-Markovnikov Product Formation
    
  • Section 12.14: Dimerization, Oligomerization, and Polymerization of Alkenes
  • Section 12.15: Polymerization

Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Alkynes

• Chapter 13: Alkynes and the Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond
  • Section 13.1: Naming the Alkynes
    
  • Section 13.2: Properties and Bonding in the Alkynes
  • Section 13.3: Spectroscopy of the Alkynes
    
  • Section 13.4: Preparation of Alkynes by Double Elimination
    
  • Section 13.5: Preparation of Alkynes from Alkynyl Anions
    
  • Section 13.6: Reducing Alkynes-The Reactivity of the Two π Bonds 
  • Section 13.7: Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkynes
    
  • Section 13.8: Anti-Markovnikov Additions to Triple Bonds
    
  • Section 13.9: Chemistry of Alkenyl Halides

Delocalized Pi Systems

• Chapter 14: Investigation of Delocalized Pi Systems by UV and Visible Spectroscopy
  • Section 14.1: Overlap of Adjacent p Orbitals-Electron Delocalization
    
  • Section 14.2: Radical Allylic Halogenation
    
  • Section 14.3: Nucleophilic Substitution of Allylic Halides-S_N1 and S_N2
    
  • Section 14.4: Allylic Organometallics
  • Section 14.5: Two Neighboring Double Bonds-Conjugated Dienes
    
  • Section 14.6: Electrophilic Attack on Conjugated Dienes-Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control I
    
  • Section 14.6: Electrophilic Attack on Conjugated Dienes-Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control II
    
  • Section 14.6: Electrophilic Attack on Conjugated Dienes-Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control III
    
  • Section 14.7: Delocalization among More than Two π Bonds
  • Section 14.8: The Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reaction
    
  • Section 14.9: Electrocyclic Reactions
  • Section 14.10: Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes-Rubber
    
  • Section 14.11: Electronic Spectra-UV and Visible Spectroscopy

Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Benzenes

• Chapter 15: Benzene, Aromaticity, and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
  • Section 15.1: Naming the Benzenes
    
  • Section 15.2: Aromaticity
    
  • Section 15.3: π Molecular Orbitals of Benzene
  • Section 15.4: Spectral Characteristics of the Benzene Ring
  • Section 15.5: Polycyclic Aromatics
  • Section 15.6: Hückel's Rule
  • Section 15.7: Hückel's Rule and Charged Molecules
  • Section 15.8: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
  • Section 15.9: Halogenation of Benzene-The Need for a Catalyst
  • Section 15.10: Nitration and Sulfonation of Benzene
  • Section 15.11: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
  • Section 15.12: Limitations of Friedel-Crafts Alkylations
  • Section 15.13: Friedel-Crafts Acylation
• Chapter 16: Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene-Substituents Control Regioselectivity
  • Section 16.1: Activating and Deactivating Benzene Rings
  • Section 16.2: Directing Inductive Effects of Alkyl Groups
    
  • Section 16.3: Directing Effects of Substituents in Conjugation with the Benzene Ring
  • Section 16.4: Electrophilic Attack on Disubstituted Benzenes
  • Section 16.5: Synthetic Strategies Toward Substituted Benzenes
  • Section 16.6: Reactivity of Polycyclic Benzenoid Hydrocarbons

Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones

• Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones-The Carbonyl Group
  • Section 17.1: Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
    
  • Section 17.2: The Carbonyl Group
    
  • Section 17.3: Spectroscopic Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 17.4: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 17.5: Reactivity of the Carbonyl Group-Mechanisms of Addition
    
  • Section 17.6: Addition of Water to Form Hydrates
  • Section 17.7: Hemiacetals and Acetals
    
  • Section 17.8: Acetals as Protecting Groups
  • Section 17.9: Nucleophilic Addition of Ammonia and Its Derivatives
  • Section 17.10: Deoxygenation of the Carbonyl Group
  • Section 17.11: Cyanohydrins
    
  • Section 17.12: Addition of Phosphorus Ylides-The Wittig Reaction
  • Section 17.13: Oxidation of Peroxycarboxylic Acids-The Baeyer Villager Oxidation
  • Section 17.14: Oxidative Chemical Tests for Aldehydes
• Chapter 18: Enols, Enolates, and Aldol Condensation-Alpha, Beta Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 18.1: Acidity of Aldehydes and Ketones-Enolate Ions
  • Section 18.2: Keto-Enol Equilibria
  • Section 18.3: Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 18.4: Alkylation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 18.5: Attack by Enolates on the Carbonyl Function-Aldol Condensation
  • Section 18.6: Crossed Aldol Condensation
  • Section 18.7: Intramolecular Aldol Condensation
  • Section 18.8: Properties of ?, ?-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 18.9: Conjugate Additions to ?, ?-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Section 18.10: 1,2- and 1,4-Additions of Organometallic Reagents
  • Section 18.11: Conjugate Additions of Enolate Ions-Michael Addition and Robinson Annulatiom

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